Efficacy of distance training program for cardiopulmonary resuscitation utilizing smartphone application and home delivery system.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Community cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education is important for laypersons. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with social distancing, conventional face-to-face CPR training was unavailable. We developed a distance learning CPR training course (HEROS-Remote) using a smartphone application that monitors real-time chest compression quality and a home delivery collection system for mannikins. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the HEROS-Remote course by comparing chest compression quality with that of conventional CPR training. METHODS: We applied layperson CPR education with HEROS-Remote and conventional education in Seoul during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both groups underwent a 2-min post-training chest compression test, and we tested non-inferiority. Chest compression depth, rate, complete recoil, and composite chest compression score was measured. Trainees completed a satisfaction survey on CPR education and delivery. The primary outcome was the mean chest compression depth. RESULTS: A total of 180 trainees were enrolled, with 90 assigned to each training group. Chest compression depth of HEROS-Remote training showed non-inferiority to that of conventional training (67.4 vs. 67.8, p = 0.78), as well as composite chest compression score (92.7 vs. 95.5, p = 0.16). The proportions of adequate chest compression depth, chest compression rate, and chest compressions with complete chest recoil were similar in both training sessions. In the HEROS-Remote training, 90% of the trainees were satisfied with CPR training, and 96% were satisfied with the delivery and found it convenient. CONCLUSION: HEROS-Remote training was non-inferior to conventional CPR training in terms of chest compression quality. Distance learning CPR training using a smartphone application and mannikin delivery had high user satisfaction and was logistically feasible.

Time at Home, Fertility Intention and Housework Change *

We examine the effect of the increase in time spent at home on married individuals' fertility intention in South Korea. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures have led to the overall increase of the time spent at home, which offers a valuable opportunity to examine its effects on fertility intention. Employing the second wave of the survey on Koreans' values regarding marriage and family in the COVID-19 era, carried out in June 2022, we tested the relationship controlling the potential effects of the COVID-19. The analysis reveals that when time spent at home increases, individuals are more likely to give up or delay their fertility plan. A mechanism of the adverse relationship is found to be the increased housework burden. The mediating effects of the increase of the housework are observed prominently among women, dual-earning couples, and those who have one child. This study provides that the adverse effect of the increased housework burden outweighs the potential positive effects of the increase of time spent at home, giving suggestive implications for the low fertility in South Korea.